Rhetorical Analysis Of Douglass s The Great Gatsby

Message: Douglass wants his audience, the American public, to know that he earned his freedom. Freedom is something that each of us must look for in order to be truly â€Å"free.† Through the personal experiences of his own life as a slave and his perseverance to become educated, Douglass shows us that it requires persistence and bravery to look for freedom. He also illustrates to the audience that there is no real end in this search for freedom until slavery is fully abolished. Purpose: Douglass wrote this book when slavery was still a normal and acceptable lifestyle in the US. Through his own sufferings as a slave, Douglass wants to show the American people the true injustices of slavery from the perspective of a former slave. That way,†¦show more content†¦Through the texts, Douglass and Jacobs both preserve in their struggle for freedom, both physical and mental. Another text that can be linked to Douglass’ Narrative is the well-known Uncle Tom’s Cabin written by Harriet Beecher Stowe. Although it was written by a white female, like Douglass’ Narrative, Uncle Tom’s Cabin shows the harsh reality of slavery with the inclusion of graphic descriptions and images. Both texts were meant for the American public to read, as they were written in the time that slavery was still legal. This text is also similar to John Howard Griffin’s Black Like Me in that the purpose of both texts are to open the perspective of the audi ence, the American public, on a social injustice happening during the time each author wrote his book. Both authors also use personal experiences to show the readers what it is like to experience slavery or discrimination based on skin color. Describe THREE specifics from the text that BEST illustrate the author’s message and/or purpose: Douglass accomplishes his purpose of persuading his audience of the horrors of slavery by detailing instances where he and other slaves were treated with brute. For example, Douglass recounts Mr. Gore whipping Demby, a slave who then escapes in a nearby stream. After Demby does not return after Mr. Gore gives three calls, Mr.

Chapter One Introduction Free Essays

United States of America, with its rich history of immigrants, is a land of diverse cultures and civilizations. Classrooms have students from many different racial and linguistic groups like White Americans, African Americans, Caucasians, Hispanics, Vietnamese etc. According to the various analysis done by the National Centre for Educational Statistics, the academic performance of the minorities continue to be below standard. We will write a custom essay sample on Chapter One: Introduction or any similar topic only for you Order Now Illiteracy or poor schooling background is a common phenomenon not only in rural areas but also in urban areas in many Latin American countries. Although there has been a rise in the number of such students being enrolled in public schools, but as a group they have the lowest level of education and highest dropout rate. Let’s view the present status of the Hispanic students. They make up 15% of the elementary school-age people and will possibly comprise 25% of the total school-age population by the year 2025. It is noticed that over past 20years, their enrollment have risen by 150 %( U.S. Department of Education, 2000). The U.S. Hispanic population is varied in terms of their countries by birth, economic and social status, language skills, family background and education. They have different academic needs as well. They make up 75% of all the students enrolled for limited English proficiency program (LEP), including English as second language program (ESL) and bilingual educational program. As for their academic achievements, the 1996 National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) shows that 17 year old Hispanic students were quite below in comparison to other White students in science, mathematics and reading (National Centre of Educational Statistics, 1996). It also brought to light that their drop out rate was very much high as compared to other minority groups and ranked lowest in the comparison of high school completion rate. Furthermore, Baker Hakuta (1998) state that the number of English language learners (ELL) in the U.S. has grown dramatically in the last decade. According to a 1991 national study, over 2,300,000 students in grades K through 12 are English language learners. This number has grown by over 1,000,000 since 1984. The majority of these students are Spanish-speakers (73%), followed by Vietnamese-speakers (3.9%). Because of the overwhelming proportion of ELL students is Spanish speakers, the issue of bilingual education is largely a Latino one. No other language group makes up more than 4% of limited English proficient students. This fact makes education a complicated issue for language minority students with low socioeconomic status. Most educators and school administrators in American classrooms overlook that English language learners with minimal formal schooling have difficulties managing information input, organizing learning material, following verbal and written instructions, and processing large chunks of new language. Thus, the findings of Ramirez (1991) indicate that Latino students who received sustained L1 instruction throughout elementary school have better academic prospects than those who have not received instruction in their first language or those who received instruction only in English. Consequently, first language illiteracy in Spanish speaking students has negative consequences in the United States as it retards economic and social development. According to the 1993 U.S. Census Bureau, many Hispanic children living in the United States are likely to be from lower socioeconomic backgrounds, particularly those whose families have recently arrived and are depending in minimum-wage jobs. Approximately 40% of Hispanic children live in poverty, compared to the 13% of non-Hispanic white children (Holman, 1997). Similarly, data from the 2003 U.S. Census Bureau shows that 58.4% of Hispanic students have completed high school level compared to 85.8% of White and 80.6% of Black population. Eighty percent of ELL are poor and most attend schools where the majority of students also live in poverty and are English language learners. Such schools are poorly maintained due to lack of funds and fail to provide technologically updated class room environment and well qualified teachers. Poverty and socio economic status have many implications for educational achievement on Hispanic students. For example, parents’ income levels and parents’ educational achievement is highly linked to that of their children’s. They belong to families where the parents themselves are not educated, and therefore lay less importance to schooling and education of their children. Inadequate participation by parents in their child’s education has many other reasons too. They have less time to spend with their family due to heavy load of work taken up to make both ends meet and inability to communicate in English themselves Lack of proficiency in English is another important hurdle for Hispanic students. This is assumed to be the major reason why they fail to graduate from the high school. In typical classrooms, Hispanic students fail to understand the course taught due to the inability to understand the medium of instruction. Thus, their performance always remains low and at times such negative educational experience acts as a reason for their early dropouts and absenteeism .There are various programs installed for teaching English as second language (ESL) in schools yet the dropout rate is on a rise. Terrence (1997) says that state and federally funded bilingual education programs reach only a fraction of eligible students. Three quarters of limited English proficient students receive ESL instruction, while only one-third to one-half of these students receives any instruction in their native language. After working with ESL Hispanic students 9-12 grades at Vance High School in Charlotte, NC for two years, I became aware of the academic underachievement some students were experiencing even after being in the same grade in some cases for up to three consecutive years. Even though the teachers, administrators have put in a lot of effort, but their situation doesn’t seem to be improving. This scenario touched me very much and i developed a particular interest in finding out the causes behind their failures in the classroom and the methodologies which could be implemented to improve the situation. My research will examine and analyze in depth the weaknesses these students bring to the classroom based on the causes of their illiteracy. In addition, I will describe the negative effects of illiteracy in relation to the alarming increase of the growth of Hispanics in the U.S. It is worthwhile to cite Huntley (1992) as she says, â€Å"The problem of illiteracy seems to be increasing and programs to remedy that situation are still inadequate.† Spanish speaking students are not well versed in their native language. Most of the programs already being used don’t stress the importance on reducing first language illiteracy. This in turn has a great influence in learning English as a second language. Illiteracy in the first language causes hurdles in learning a second language. Polishing the first language itself will support and ease the process of learning a second language. There are basically four types of literacy in the first language (L1), which has an impact in English learning (Huntley, 1992). These include literate learners, semi-literate learners, non-literate learners and pre-literate learners. Such kind of L1 literacy backgrounds are usually overlooked by teachers. This research explains the different levels or types of illiteracy in detail and their relative importance in learning English as a Second language for Spanish speaking students. One can say that learning a second language is hard, but it is even harder when there is a lack of literacy skills in the first language. McGee (1978) says, â€Å"We acknowledge that being an adult learner is difficult, that being an adult second language learner is even more difficult, and that being a pre-literate adult second language learner must be nothing short of a painful situation.† Difficulties arising in an individuals’ second language learning cannot be properly understood without simultaneous attention to the socio linguistic and socio cultural framework within which learning a second language is occurring. Another major cause of illiteracy in Hispanic students in the United States is attributed to the rate of dropout; this document includes an analysis of a study done by Crawford Egemba (2003), about the factors that contribute to abandon school on Hispanic students of grades 9-12. They based their analysis on demographic factors, academic ability, family background, school experiences and social influence factors. The variables in this research include academic ability, family socioeconomic status, student gender, employment status, repeating a grade, citizenship status, English proficiency, truancy, urbanicity, gender, friends’ and siblings’ status, substance use, and pregnancy/fatherhood. It is also noticed that the drop out students eventually take part in criminal activities. According to Cassel (2003), â€Å" Today in America one million of the two million prison inmates are high school dropout students and the primary reason for their dropping out of school is a general lack of personal development† (p. 1). This shows how much of a serious issue this ESL drop out learners pose. In addition, this part describes the alarming statistics of Hispanic youth as the fastest growing minority segment in America. It is since 1960s, that many researches have been done to identify the main causes behind such a high drop out rate of Hispanic students. The researches were based on the logic that once the core issue is identified, it would become lot easier to devise measures to resolve it. This theory was termed as deficit theory and has guided much work in this field. The theory assumed that the cultural differences were a reason behind their academic failures. However, in 1970s the trend shifted and many more reasons were highlighted and worked upon. Many researches have been carried out to see what will prove helpful in improving this scenario. Most of the educators believe that such educational crisis can be dealt with the help of better teachers and teaching methods. My research explores the different methodologies to teach preliterate or limited formal schooling ESL Spanish speaking students grades 9-12. Although there are several programs designed to teach English as a Second Language, they mostly promote the use of English as a media of instruction. Few programs neither consider the capacity for literacy in the students’ first language nor promote the study of the student’s native language. Therefore, it is necessary to take into account that English language learners have different literacy levels and come from a diverse socioeconomic background. The research brings to light what could be effective for improving the situation. It will explain how teachers should be educated about the need and use of various teaching tools, seeing which helps the learning better. Curriculum should be designed in a way that provides equal opportunity for such minority students to read and write. It explains how and why the teachers should understand the cultural difference, and use it positively while imparting education. More resources and effective language teaching practices should be adopted for the students who have limited knowledge of English language. It will prove how the adoption of technologically updated teaching methods may go long way in facilitating teacher in meeting the special learning requirements of such students. This includes the usage of visual aids, computers and multimedia, recorders, audio tapes and language masters while teaching students. It is also important that primary or native language is used for the purpose of instructions. Such method, if adopted, would help in concept development and better understanding. It is only through their primary language that the students will effectively learn how to read and write well. This method will also ensure that students don’t fall behind academically while they learn English. For this the teachers themselves have to be fluent and bilingual. Not only this, they also need to be certified to teach ESL students. Only the possession of certificates like BCC (Bilingual Certificate of Competence) or B.-C.L.A.D. (Bilingual-Cross-Cultural, Language and Academic Development Certificate) makes them eligible to teach such students. Teachers with other certificates like L.D.S. can team up with fully certified bilingual teachers to help such students. Overall, this study underscores the importance of L1 instruction as a crucial tool for illiterate Spanish-speaking students in U.S. schools and the need to master literacy skills in their native language before they acquire a second language in order to achieve academically in the mainstream classroom.   According to Cummins (1981), the capacity for literacy in the first language affects in a dramatic fashion the ability to acquire a second language because metacognitive skills are transferred across languages. For the purpose of this research, I present the two main methodologies Bilingual Education and English-Only instruction and their effects in learning a second language being a preliterate in the native language. In bilingual classrooms, interaction is split between the primary language and English language, whereas, in English-only classes English is the only medium of instructions. Various studies have proved that students in such bilingual classrooms are at various academic and linguistic benefits as opposed to the other method. Especially if such method is used for students in pre-school and lower grade levels. This paper discusses in depth the advantages and disadvantages of both methods of instruction. Eventually, my study shows that good bilingual programs should be designed for illiterate ESL learners so as to provide literacy in native language first, so that the input they provide in the target language is comprehensible for them. Being a very controversial topic, its importance deserves more research to determine the effectiveness of each methodology, considering all the variables and the students’ needs. It also shows that Transitional programs (where primary instruction decreases the more English students learn) or Developmental programs (where primary language instruction continues throughout the entire study program) can be used according to the requirement of the students. This research also shows that parental involvement in a child’s education is of utmost importance. This can be done by meeting parents regularly to discuss the academic progress and performance of their child. Not only this, they should also be convinced to encourage their children for higher studies. This will help in reducing the premature dropouts and may also guarantee higher attainment of education. It was proved through various researched how the lack of involvement was a reason behind early drop outs of such students. Thus, if parents become more aware about their role as their child’s partner in learning, they would themselves become the first teachers of their children. It also shows how government can play their role in improving the situation. It can help in establishing special schools for Hispanics, where the fee structure is affordable. Monetary and technological funds can be provided to such schools. Teaching program there should be designed with special care to address the needs and issues of students. At such schools, proper career guidance should be provided and scholarship programs should be introduced. Moreover, government should allocate more funds for the continued research in this area so that better methodologies can be formulated. But it should be remembered that the success of all of these programs depends upon their proper implementation. Not only this, they need to be monitored and upgraded as and when required. Then only can they help in increasing academic achievements of Hispanic ESL students. Improvement in their situation will allow them to make meaningful contribution towards the society. It will prove helpful in social interaction and boost up their confidence. Not only this, better education would open many earning opportunities for them with which they can improve their economic status. English is an official language through out the nation, and having a good command over it means better position to work in. Moreover, know how of another language brings along with it many intrinsic advantages. Various changes come within one’s personality. It gives a better insight to life, brings about tolerance for different life styles, and gives a better ability to express  well. It provides ability to comprehend other cultures. Second-language skills help in providing maximum enjoyment while traveling as well. However, there have been researchers and educationalists have pointed out few drawbacks of bilingualism. But they in no way outstrip its benefits. Being literate doesn’t only mean to possess the ability to read, write, listen and speak. But it means doing all this to a certain adequate level. Certain educationalists go as far as including the abilities to face and solve daily problems and make some contribution towards the society as important requisites of being a literate person.   Standard for what actually is literacy vary from society to society. Literacy rate determines the standard of living and progression of any state. Thus, it is important for all states to address the educational needs and issues of its minorities so that they add up to the success of the nation. References: National Center for Educational Statistics. (1996). NAEP 1996 long-term summary. Washington, DC. Alexander, D., Heaviside, S., Farris, E. (1999). Status of education reform in public elementary and secondary schools: Teachers’ perspectives. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics. Huntley, H. S. (1992). The new illiteracy: A study of the pedagogic principles of teaching English as a second language to nonliterate adults. Unpublished manuscript. (EDRS No. ED356685). Terrence, G. W. (1997). Myths about language diversity and literacy in the United States, SuDoc ED. Miriam, B., Joy, P. (Feb, 2003) Reading and Adult English Language Learners: The role of first Language, National Centre for ESL Literacy Education. Grabe, W., Stoller, F. L. (2002).Teaching and researching reading. Harlow, England: Pearson Education. Burt, M., Peyton, J. K., Adams, R. (2003). Reading and adult English language learners: A review of the research. Washington, DC: Center for Applied Linguistics. Fillmore, L.W. and Snow, C.E. (2000). â€Å"What teachers need to know about language.† U.S. Department of Education: Educational Research and Improvement. ERIC Digest No. ED-99-CO-0008 Birch, B. M. (2002). English L2 reading: Getting to the bottom. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum. How to cite Chapter One: Introduction, Essay examples

Reflective Essay On Project Management Managers And Teams

Question: Describe about the Reflective Essay on Project Management for Managers and Teams. Answer: Professional guidance in management of project is important for project managers and teams. The learning of project management of body of knowledge, and planning process group in class provides proper guidelines and principles that can be utilized by project teams(Cleland, 2013). I was able to learn best practices and code of ethics to guide project professionals. The knowledgeable areas and processes learnt covered management of scope, time, cost, quality, resources, communication, risk and procurement(PMI., 2013). I learnt project integration management learning process by understanding various approaches used to manage projects. I learnt coming up with a project management plan a documentation showing activities to be performed to achieve intended objectives(Wysocki, 2014). The approaches I learnt are based on methodologies employed for different projects. For example the agile project management (iterative) which can be employed in computer related projects. In addition I was able to learn from planning process group reasons why people plan, failures of optimistic and pessimistic planning(Larson, 2011). One knowledgeable area for a project manager is time management. I was able to sequence and estimate time for various activities by developing and controlling them(PMI., 2013). I leant both work breakdown structure and critical path method as scheduling tools for time. Work breakdown structure which involves dividing projects into sub projects, tasks, subtasks, and work packages by use of codes, while critical path method is the longest path showing time to accomplish activities based on probable time after consideration of optimistic and pessimistic times. The learning process provided me good insights of how resources can be estimated and procured. I learnt how to employ analogous and parametric estimation in planning and resource costing. One critical component in implementation is sourcing of resources for the project. The learning process provided me a clear knowledge on how procurement planning is done from solicitation, selection, contract awarding to contract closeout(Wysocki, 2014). I was able to learn how human resources are acquired and developed. The leadership styles include: democratic (allows equal decision making), autocratic (project manager makes decision alone), and participative (everyone is involved in activities). Leadership is critical in project performance, team development and motivation of team members. The exposure to leadership styles has helped me choose the best style to employ in management of projects. Other skills I learnt included: the use of risk registers indicating how risks can be identified, analyzed response and monitored, the use of communication plans showing channel and mode of communication. Lastly I learnt how quality management can be maintained, assured and controlled. The extra skills learnt help management of project effectively(Larson, 2011). In conclusion, other process found difficult to comprehend and understand they include cost estimation (employing techniques of estimations); critical path method analysis (calculations of different times and floats). I did consult with other students who had understood the topics. My strength included use of project theoretical concepts and principles, while my limitation was how to make analysis and computations involving arithmetics and mathematics in project management. References Cleland, D. A. (2013). Project management handbook. New York, United States: Van Nostrand Reinhold. Larson, E. A. (2011). Project management: the managerial process . New York: Mc Graw Hill. PMI. (2013). A guide to project management body of knowledge . Newtown Square: PA: PMI. Wysocki, R. (2014). Effective project management . Indianapolis: John Wiley Sons.

Taliesin West By Wright Essays - Frank Lloyd Wright,

Taliesin West By Wright Do you have a living room in your house? A carport? Does your house have an "open" floor plan? If so, then the way you live is being directly influenced by Frank Lloyd Wright's innovations in residential architecture (Copplestone 1). Frank Lloyd Wright was born in 1867 in southwestern Wisconsin of talented and dynamic parents; his father a preacher and musician, his mother a teacher. From his father, Wright learned how the order and structure of music had influenced his perception of architectural form. From his mother, he acquired a strong respect for learning (Copplestone 8). Wright spent his boyhood summers on the farms of his Welsh uncles where he learned to appreciate the values of nature and disciplined hard work. He left his formal schooling at the University of Wisconsin to go to Chicago and in 1887 became an apprentice to the greatest American architect of that time, Louis Sullivan (Nash 4). In 1893 Wright opened his own practice in Oak Park, Illinois. A distinctive new architecture, which he called ?Organic?, emerged and by 1910 his accomplishments had gained worldwide recognition. There are six chief points to organic architecture. Some of the points include the spiritual integrity of the building, expression the builder's individuality, incorporation in the design elements and the colors of the site are drawn from nature. Taliesin West is an example of all those characteristics (Nash 34-37). In 1911 Wright left Oak Park and began the construction of the first Taliesin in Spring Green, Wisconsin. The original Taliesin was built for himself, his family, his architectural practice and later the Taliesin Fellowship (Wright 6). I learned that about a decade after the original Taliesin was bulit, Wright's doctor instructed him that he should escape the cold and damp Wisconsin winters due to his health. Wright first visited Arizona in 1927 when he was asked to consult on designs for the Arizona Biltmore. In the years following that visit, Wright and some of his apprentices spent time at temporary sites in Arizona including a desert camp they constructed near Chandler in 1929, which Wright named ?Ocatilla.? (Boulton 6) Finally, by 1937, Wright decided he wanted a more permanent winter residence and acquired several hundred acres of raw, rugged desert at the foothills of the McDowell Mountains near Scottsdale, Arizona. Wright literally created Taliesin West "out of the desert." He and his apprentices gathered rocks from the desert floor and sand from the washes to build this great desert masterpiece (Smith 23). In my research, almost everything was in chronological order and very accurate. There were no disagreements and I trusted all the information that I read and was given. There is only one speculation that I found to be different and it was the date of the completion of Taliesin West. In several books I read that Wright completed Taliesin in 1938 and other sources led me to believe that I was completed in 1940. I do not think that authors have a reason to misinform people of the date. I do not think it changes anything. When I asked why Wright chose that exact location in Scottsdale for Taliesin West, Beverly Hart, the public access manager told me that ?selecting a good site was one of Wright's priorities for architecture.? She told me that ?when he set out to design and build the institution, his goal was to integrate the structures with the ?Nature? of the desert, its soul, and its physical characteristics.? (Hart 3) In a way, choosing the site for Taliesin West is very contrary to what ordinarily happens in most situations. Most architects want to build in populated areas, so the city builds outward. Wright enjoyed open space; he liked to go where there was no one around. He didn't want anything to spoil his view by modern conveniences. He created his home, studio and working enviornment in the middle of the desert. With nothing but the most basic materials ? desert stone, redwood, and canvas, Wright was able to create a small community of buildings. It is entered by crossing a graveled courtyard with views of a vine-covered pergola and colorful sculptures. Shallow steps lead to the sunset terrace with a 240-degree panoramic vista of distant mountains and the surrounding desert landscape ( Smith 67 ). Taliesin is not a museum; but rather a living, working, educational facility as well as the national headquarters for the Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation ( Lind 45). It is also based on the life of Taliesin Fellowship. It is the name of

Free Essays on Help Desk

Structure of the Help Desk Computers are a becoming a way life for the world today. They are used in both homes and businesses alike. Everyone will, at least, some time in their life use a computer. A majority of the populace use them everyday, especially the business world. Computer technology is such a huge part of both big and small businesses. Businesses rely so heavily on computer technology that when there is a problem with the system, it could mean huge losses in productivity and profits. So where does one turn when errors like this occur? Towards the help desk, of course. The help desk is a single-point of contact within a company to manage customer problems and to provide solutions for these problems. However, the help desk is not so cut and dry as the definition may indicate. There are many different types of problems that can occur within system. These can range from simple software bugs to complete hard drive crashes. Each type of these problems may have a simple quick fix or one that may take much longer to resolve. However you look at it, time is money and problems in the computer systems don't make things any easier. In order to resolve these problems as fast and efficiently as possible, the help desks are often structured in a series of levels commonly known as a multi-level support model. Within this model are four levels, each with it's own requirements on how to handle these problems and what to do to resolve them. The life of a computer problem, or other technology-related error, begins with the customer, or level zero. The user runs into a problem and the first thought of most computer literate people is try to find a solution on your own. There are several help desk self-services available to make problem resolution that much faster by having the customer solve it themselves. With the ever-expanding Internet, most customers can choose to visit a site that contains FAQs, or frequently aske... Free Essays on Help Desk Free Essays on Help Desk Structure of the Help Desk Computers are a becoming a way life for the world today. They are used in both homes and businesses alike. Everyone will, at least, some time in their life use a computer. A majority of the populace use them everyday, especially the business world. Computer technology is such a huge part of both big and small businesses. Businesses rely so heavily on computer technology that when there is a problem with the system, it could mean huge losses in productivity and profits. So where does one turn when errors like this occur? Towards the help desk, of course. The help desk is a single-point of contact within a company to manage customer problems and to provide solutions for these problems. However, the help desk is not so cut and dry as the definition may indicate. There are many different types of problems that can occur within system. These can range from simple software bugs to complete hard drive crashes. Each type of these problems may have a simple quick fix or one that may take much longer to resolve. However you look at it, time is money and problems in the computer systems don't make things any easier. In order to resolve these problems as fast and efficiently as possible, the help desks are often structured in a series of levels commonly known as a multi-level support model. Within this model are four levels, each with it's own requirements on how to handle these problems and what to do to resolve them. The life of a computer problem, or other technology-related error, begins with the customer, or level zero. The user runs into a problem and the first thought of most computer literate people is try to find a solution on your own. There are several help desk self-services available to make problem resolution that much faster by having the customer solve it themselves. With the ever-expanding Internet, most customers can choose to visit a site that contains FAQs, or frequently aske...

Narrative Essay on a Life Changing Moment

Narrative Essay on a Life Changing Moment Narrative Essay on a Life Changing Moment In life, many events influence the way one acts or the decisions one makes. Basically, one goes through certain events in life that have such a big impact they totally change the life of an individual. For me, the life-changing event happened when I enrolled in college a few years ago. Since that occurred, January has always been a special month for me because this is the month that makes me remember the event and remember how this event totally changed my life and made me look at my life from a totally different perspective. As I was joining my freshman year, I naturally took note of the new-found freedom. I wanted to use this freedom to experience some of the things that I had been curious about but could not engage in because I did not feel free enough. What I did not know is that the whole experience of joining college and getting orientated to college life would totally change my life. For starters, while joining college, for the first time, I referred to another place other than the place where my parents had raised me. For others in my dormitory, the process of integrating into dormitory life and feeling at home in their rooms appeared to come naturally but it was not that easy for me. The whole process was highly emotional for me, because I had the feeling that being so comfortable in the room would be like betraying my parents who have always taught me that our home is the most important place to cherish. The feeling that my parents were not a stone’s throw away, as is the case in my room at home, also made me feel anxious, as I began to feel the strain of being so far away from my parents. Overall, however, the process taught me an important lesson in the importance of moving away and establishing my own life separate from my parents. The other issue about joining my first year that is part of the whole life-changing event is the part where I had to make new friends; especially now that I was in a college here, I did not know anyone. Making friends at home had always been an easy task, given that our home is located in a gated community and my parents often visited the neighbors. As they did so, they would introduce me to the neighbors’ children and therefore provide a very good platform for me to make friends. To make things even better, most of the neighboring children went to the school where I was enrolled and as such, when I joined school, I had some sort of a soft landing with regard to making friends. In college, however, I had to make friends from scratch and it was a really humbling and insightful moment. Some tips on writing a narrative essay on a life changing moment: Remember that in this type of essay you should remember that while reading your essay, the audience should be able to paint a vivid picture in their minds. In addition to that, if you are narrating about an event at some point of your life, make sure you are not describing your everyday routine. Get readers attention by choosing an even, where you can build up a climax. can write an essay for you from scratch! Feel free to place an order at our website and get a custom written narrative essay online.

Shopping Centres in Prague Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Shopping Centres in Prague - Essay Example They are also choosy in selecting the shopping centres. This research is aimed at studying the shopping centres in Prague and what are the preferences that the people who use it have. In today's modern world, time is perceived as a precious commodity; accordingly the society is very much concerned with time management. Therefore, it is expected that in order to be as time efficient as possible people avoid visiting shopping centres, which require an extended travelling time. They are more likely to visit frequently the shopping centre, which is easily reachable and accordingly requires a less time consuming travel. Transportation by car is to be expected when travelling to an edge-of-city shopping centre, on the contrary people are more likely to use public transport, bicycle or simply walk when travelling to an in-town shopping centre. Congestion and other traffic problems have made access to in-town shopping centres increasingly difficult, consequently this became a highly time consuming transportation method. Therefore, public transport is the solution, as it is not affected by traffic, thus it is expected to be used along with other methods like foot and bicycle which likewise are not influenced by traffic. Nevertheless, edge-of-city shopping centres are more easily accessible by means of car transportation as they tend to be located in areas where road communication is designed to create comfortable approach, these areas usually do not suffer from high levels of congestion. Moreover, car transportation allows people to carry bulky goods easily, this is of high importance as shopping tends to be one of the main reason for the visit. Methods of data collection A list of all Prague's main shopping centres was made. This was then divided into in-town and edge-of-city shopping centres. The entire investigation is then based on this assortment. The Annexure-I gives the list of shopping centres. Both the hypothesis needs to be tested with the available number of shopping centres. Since it is difficult to check or study every one of the shopping centres available, it was decided to take two randomly selected shopping centres, one each from either of the groups, for this purpose2.

Struggles Over Access To Alcohol Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Struggles Over Access To Alcohol - Essay Example The struggle for gender equality and the participation of women in pub labor has continued up to date. Several pubs in Australia have both male and female patrons. Several Australian women start drinking as young adults, which has exposed them to various forms of youth violence. The presence of women in pubs is a common occurrence, which has led to increased risks associated with binge drinking and intoxication. However, the physical separation of male and female bar areas does not exist and young women drink in the company of men. Women patronizing pubs are victims of binge drinking of different types of alcohol such as spirits and beer. Adult Australian women still attend dance clubs and participate in occasional drinking. Majority of these women consume-full strength beer, which was part of the traditional drinking pattern of the Australian culture. In conclusion, Australia faced gender inequality in the provision of labor during the nineteenth century. Men and women had tradition ally predefined roles in the society. The changing economy and the world war led to a shift in the labor market in the country. Women began participating in labor activities dominated by men. This involved participating in the public space such as pub attendants. Several women became barmaids, a position previously reserved for men. The changing social responsibilities and trends demanded financial freedom among women. This trend has continued to the present time where pubs are patronized by women.

Goals of Linguistic Essay Example for Free

Goals of Linguistic Essay Mr. 1. Introduction 1. 1. Approaching the issue The task of setting out (to use a neutral word) the goals of a human activity may be approached in a variety of ways depending on conditions such as who is involved in the activity and who has the power to determine the goals. In the case of the goals of a scientific discipline, the question may, in principle, be approached by established scientific methods: * Deductive approach: The highest and most general goal is taken as an axiom, more specific and lower-level goals are deduced from it. * Inductive approach: By methods of the sociology of science, the goals actually pursued by scientists may be ascertained; by sociological methods, it may be ascertained what goals a community thinks should be pursued by the sciences that it entertains. The deductive approach suffers at least from the following shortcomings: * The postulation of the highest goal is itself outside the scope of science. * Clean deduction is only possible in the logical disciplines. What is called deduction in (the rest of) philosophy, the humanities and social sciences is really informal and heavily dependent on the interpretation of words. The inductive approach suffers at least from the following shortcomings: * Just like other people, scientists occasionally pursue selfish or idiosyncratic goals, which a purely inductive approach would not be able to separate out. * The extra-scientific members of a social community – be they politicians or citizens – have limited presuppositions of making a rational contribution to the discussion of the goals of a science, lacking both knowledge and experience of the nature and possibilities of scientific work and presuppositions for appreciating the spiritual side of objective knowledge (see below). On the basis of available evidence, it is safe to say that few of them can distinguish between scientific insight and technological â€Å"progress†. Thus, if one wants at all a scientific approach to the problem of the goals of a discipline, one would have to combine – as usual – deductive and inductive methods, hoping that they will compensate for each others shortcomings. It would certainly be reasonable to do this scientific work (from time to time). However, it has apparently not been done. I will therefore abide by taking a common-sense approach to the problem, informed both by some epistemology of linguistics and by some experience with linguistic work. 1. 2. Fundamentals Like any human activity, linguistics has a place in a teleonomic hierarchy (see teleonomische Hierarchie) which is headed by its ultimate goals. Science is the pursuit of objective knowledge/understanding (Greek episteme, German Erkenntnis). The attainment of such knowledge is its ultimate goal. This goal is itself subordinate to the goal of human life, which is the improvement of the conditio humana. It is in the nature of human cognition – as opposed to Gods cognition –, that it can be fully achieved only in communication. To say that the goal is objective knowledge is therefore almost tantamount to saying that it is rational communication. This rephrasing also serves the purpose of avoiding a static conception of ‘objective knowledge’. In the more specific discussion below, the role of communication in the achievements of the goals of a science will come up again. Understanding has two sides, a spiritual and a practical one. * On the spiritual side, the human mind is enriched if it understands something; and this in itself is a contribution to improving the conditio humana. * On the practical side, understanding something is a presupposition for controlling it. Controlling1 the world in which we live is another contribution to improving the conditio humana. Some sciences make a stronger contribution to the spiritual side, others make a stronger contribution to the practical side. This is the basis for the distinction between pure and applied science. Linguistics is the study of human language. Understanding this object has a purely spiritual aspect, which constitutes what might be called â€Å"pure linguistics† and what is more commonly called general linguistics. It also has a practical aspect, which concerns the role of languages in human lives and societies and the possibilities of improving it. This epistemic interest constitutes applied linguistics. Given the divergence in the epistemic interest of pure and applied science, there can be no universal schema by which the goals and tasks of a science should be systematized. As discussed elsewhere (see Wissenschaft), there is a basic distinction between logical, empirical and hermeneutic approaches. Linguistics shares components of all of them. Here we will focus on the tasks of linguistics as an empirical discipline. For such a discipline, the main tasks are: 1. elaboration of a theory of its object 2. documentation and description of its object 3. elaboration of procedures for the solution of practical problems in the object area. In what follows, the main goals of linguistics will be characterized, at a general level, according to this schema. 2. Theory: the nature of human language The spiritual aspect of the human understanding of some object is realized in the elaboration of a theory of that object. In this respect, the task of linguistics consists in the elaboration of a theory of human language and its relation to the languages. Its most important aspects include * the structure(s) and function(s) of human language and languages * the relationship between unity and diversity of human languages * linguistic change * acquisition of ones native language In characterizing the nature of human language, linguistic theory also delimits it against other kinds of semiosis, both synchronically in the comparison of spoken and written languages with sign languages, whistling languages and, furthermore, with animal languages, and diachronically in the comparison with primate semiotic systems from which human language may have evolved. 3. Empiry: documentation and description of languages As recalled above, linguistics is (among other things) an empirical science. In such a discipline, there is a necessary interrelation between the elaboration of a theory of the object and the description of the object; one informs the other. Furthermore, since speech and even languages are volatile, they have to be documented. The tasks of linguistics in this area may be systematized as follows: 1. language documentation: recording, representation, analysis and archiving of speech events and texts that represent a certain language 2. language description: 1. the setting of the language * ethnographic * social/cultural * genealogical 2. the language system: * semantic system: grammar, lexicon * expression systems: phonology, writing The documentation of a language must be such that people who do not have access to the language itself can use the documentation as a surrogate for as many purposes as possible. In particular, it should be possible to develop a description of a language on the basis of its documentation. The description makes explicit the meanings that the language expresses and the functions it fulfils – what it codes and what it leaves uncoded –, and represents the structure of the expressions that afford this. It does all of this in the most systematic and comprehensive way possible. Such a description may be used for a variety of purposes, most of which are mentioned below in the section on applied linguistics. Both documentation and description take the historical dimension of the object into account. That is, in the synchronic perspective, they are systematic, while in the diachronic perspective, they are historical. 4. Practice: application of linguistics The daily use of language for communication and cognition is replete with all kinds of tasks and problems that require science for a proper solution. Some of them are: * compilation of grammars, dictionaries and text editions for various purposes * native and foreign language teaching * testing of linguistic proficiency * standardizing and planning languages * devising and improving writing systems * development and maintenance of special languages and terminologies * analysis and alleviation of communication problems in social settings * diagnosis and therapy of aphasic impairments * intercultural communication, translation and interpreting * communication technology: speech technology, automatic speech and text production and analysis, machine translation, corpus exploitation The descriptions produced in â€Å"pure† linguistics – not only descriptive linguistics, but also socio-, psycho-, neuro-, ethno- etc. linguistics – are exploited for the formulation of technical procedures by which tasks arising in the fields enumerated may be solved. And contrariwise, the demands arising from those practical fields are taken as challenges by theoretical and descriptive linguistics to produce theories and descriptions that respond to them. 5. Methodology: epistemological reflection and working tools The nature of the goal of science – objective knowledge – requires the elaboration and testing of methods by which putative knowledge may be attained, verified/falsified and applied in the solution of practical or interdisciplinary problems. * The epistemological side of this activity is a stock-taking of the particular nature of the activity of the linguist, its goals, conditions and possibilities. There will be reflection on the logical, empirical and hermeneutic nature of the object of linguistics and the approaches appropriate to each facet. * The operational side of methodology is the elaboration of particular methods within such a methodological frame of the discipline. Given the interplay of specific aspects of the linguistic object with specific problems and purposes, specific sets of methods may be developed to deal adequately with such aspects of the object, to solve such problems and serve such purposes. This involves * in the deductive perspective, the operationalization of concepts and theorems and the elaboration of tests * in the inductive perspective, the elaboration of standards of representation of linguistic data and of tools for processing them. While a contribution from general epistemology may be expected for the epistemological side of linguistic methodology, its operational side is entirely the responsibility of the particular discipline. Its status as a scientific discipline crucially depends on its fulfillment of this task. 6. Cooperation: interdisciplinary fertilization. The articulation of science into disciplines is, first of all, a necessity of the division of labor. As observed above, a particular discipline is constituted by the combination of an object with an epistemic interest. The object is just a segment of the overall object area susceptible of scientific insight, the epistemic interest depends on all kinds of factors, and the combinations of these two elements are consequently manifold. In other words, no discipline is autonomous and self-contained. The contribution that it makes to human understanding can only be assessed if it is compared and combined with other disciplines. The theories developed by a discipline must define their object in such a way that it becomes transparent where they leave off, i. e. where the interfaces for the combination of related theories are. And they must be formulated in such a way that non-specialists can understand them and relate them to the epistemic interest pursued by them. Thus, a linguistic theory has to make explicit what it purports to cover and what not – for instance, only the linguistic system, not its use –; and linguists should say what they think is required for taking care of the rest. Moreover, the products of linguistic description and documentation must be represented in such a way that non-linguists may use them. For instance, there must be * grammars usable by foreign language curriculum designers * semantic descriptions usable by ethnographers * models of linguistic competence testable by neurologists * formal grammatical descriptions usable by programmers. Finally, linguistics must be capable of and receptive in taking up insights and challenges from other disciplines. For instance, * phonological concepts must be related to phonetic concepts * models of linguistic activity must be inspired by findings of psychology and neurology * models of linguistic competence must be able to account for the performance of plurilingual persons. Interdisciplinary cooperation is the touchstone of the communicative capacity of a scientific community. A discipline that can neither inspire other disciplines nor be inspired by them gets isolated and unnecessary. 7. Conclusion Above, five areas of goals of linguistics have been identified: 1. Theory: the nature of human language 2. Empiry: documentation and description of languages 3. Practice: application of linguistics 4. Methodology: epistemological reflection and working tools 5. Cooperation: interdisciplinary fertilization These goals do not belong to the same level. Goal #1, the elaboration of a theory of its object, is the highest goal of any science. As already mentioned, goal #1 is interdependent with goal #2, because a theory of an object area presupposes its proper description, and a proper description presupposes a theory on which it can be based. Furthermore, the production of documentations and descriptions is a service to the society. This is even more true of goal #3: The solution of daily-life tasks and problems is a practical contribution to the improvement of the conditio humana. It has to be done by someone, and if it is done by the discipline that has the relevant know-how, it is both better for the solution of the problem and better for the social standing of the discipline. Finally, the demands emerging from extra-scientific practice may feed back into the content and form of descriptions. Goals #4 and #5 are more science-immanent. Neither the elaboration of a methodology nor interdisciplinary cooperation are anything that would be of direct relevance outside a scientific context. They are, however, preconditions for the attainment of goals #1 – #3. As said before, no serious theory can be developed, no adequate descriptions and documentations can be produced, and no practical problems can be solved, without an arsenal of pertinent methods and without a systematic interchange with disciplines that partly share the object area or the epistemic interest.

An Interview with a Juvenile Offender Essay -- Interview Essays

At the age of 23, Charlie has a fairly good life. He has a good job with a national insurance company, and recently married his girlfriend of three and a half years, Autumn. They are expecting their first child this November. But things have not always gone so well for Charlie. When Charlie was two and a half years old, his mother Laura and father Jose Chili Pepper gave birth to their second child, Chloe. Jose and Laura knew there was something wrong with Chloe right away, because of the way she turned her hand, but no doctor in Fudge Brownie, Montana, would confirm Jose and Laura’s suspicion their daughter had Cerebral Palsy. Frustrated and unable to find work, Jose moved his family from Fudge Brownie, Montana back to Watershed, Kansas, where they had originally lived before Chloe was born. The Chili Peppers stayed with Jose's sister Carolina for a time along with Jose's niece Catherine Sanchez and another of his sisters, Juanita. After a short time Jose decided he and his family needed their own place to live. He and Laura packed up eighteen-month-old Chloe and three-and-a-half year-old Charlie and moved to a small house on Sunny Days Avenue where the family lived for the next few years. Charlie loved living in that neighborhood. It was almost like living in the countryside, with little traffic and wide-open fields where Charlie and his friends could run free and be kids. According to Charlie's father Jose, "It was the perfect place for a little boy." But Charlie's happiness would be short-lived. Due to medical problems with his mother and sister, the family moved once again when he was five years old. "Charlie really loved living there and was happy in his first school," Jose recalled. "He was very upset that we had... ...l unloved at times. His parent's when he was eleven only seemed to aggravate the problem. Discipline was inconsistent, and often he was able to get around punishment by wearing down his mother, who could be easily persuaded to give in to what he wanted. Family finances were strained. Although Charlie went to school in an upper middle-class neighborhood, his family could not afford to buy him as much as many of his friends’ parents. He began to run around with kids who were associated with a local gang and was rejected by other friends because of his behavior. Today, Charlie is closer to his family. He spends time with his mother father and sister. His relationship with his wife, Autumn, while occasionally rocky, has been a positive influence. He is a responsible young adult, who has been fortunate to have gotten the intervention he needed as a troubled teenager.

Economic Issues Essay

Castor Collins Health Plans, a regional health maintenance organization (HMO), in the state of Pantome provides HMO health insurance and health care services to enrollees through its statewide network of physicians and hospitals. E-Editors, a company with 1600 employees has asked Castor Collins to find an employee health insurance plan that accepts preexisting conditions at a maximum premium of $4,500 per person. Caster has two plans, which may fit the client’s demands. This paper converses the selection method including risk factors as compared to premiums that the company is willing to pay. In addition, the paper also considers the selection method of Cigna as a comparison to data available for Castor Collins. Economic Issues Simulation Paper Castor Collins Health Plans is a regional HMO founded in 1999 in the state of Pantome (University of Phoenix, 2011). Using a capitation model to pay its network of health providers, the HMO provides health insurance and health care services to enrollees statewide (University of Phoenix, 2011). Caster Collins currently has 100,000 enrollees throughout Pantome and is actively pursuing to increase this number. On January 2006, E-Editors, which comprises 1,600 people, approached Castor Collins with a need for employee health insurance plan. Currently E-Editors does not have health insurance, which means that the individuals will pay for their own insurance (University of Phoenix, 2011). The people at E-Editors are willing to pay a maximum annual premium of $4,500 per person (University of Phoenix, 2011). Caster Enhanced Minor covers preexisting conditions, but risks under this plan are lower than under Caster Enhanced, because this plan covers fewer services (University of Phoenix, 2011). For E-Editors, the premium charged for this plan is $4,491, and earnings are $7. 19 million. Because a good decision made by excluding Vision Screening, Hearing Screening, Male/Female Sterilization, and Custodial Care, the premium paid and the earnings barely cover the risks of insuring the group (University of Phoenix, 2011). If the goal were to minimize risks, one may consider not providing insurance to this group, which would mean a reduction in earnings (University of Phoenix, 2011). By including substance abuse treatment in Castor Enhanced Minor for E-Editors, the costs of providing this service are not too high and a comparison of the expected utilization of this service with average utilization shows that the risk of covering this service is low (University of Phoenix, 2011). Castor Collins has two plans suitable for this company – Castor Standard, which does not cover preexisting conditions, and Castor Enhanced, which covers preexisting conditions (University of Phoenix, 2011). In addition, Castor Collins can mitigate its risk by customizing Castor Enhanced to remove a few services that may have high utilization (University of Phoenix, 2011). Castor Collins might not insure any of these plans if the risks outweigh the profits (University of Phoenix, 2011). E-Editors will pay $4,500 as a maximum annual premium with preexisting conditions covered. Because Castor Standard does not cover preexisting conditions, the choices for E-Editors are Caster Enhanced and Caster Enhanced Minor. Caster Enhanced costs $4,556, which is $56 over the price of $4. 500. Therefore, this choice is not the optimum choice. Moreover, the Caster Enhanced Minor priced at $4,556 is also over the $4,500, but there is the option of electing to exclude some services. This tactic is exactly what E-Editors chose. Vision screening, hearing screening, male/female sterilization, and custodial care excluded from the Caster Enhanced Minor Plan lowering the total cost to $4,491. Thus, this plan covers preexisting conditions, but risks under this plan are lower than under Caster Enhanced, because this plan covers fewer services (University of Phoenix, 2011). For E-Editors, the premium charged for this plan is $4,491, and earnings are $7. 19 million (University of Phoenix, 2011). For E-Editors, the premium charged for Castor Standard is $3,485 and earnings are $5. 8 million (University of Phoenix, 2011). The risks and returns in this plan are low (University of Phoenix, 2011). A comparison of the expected utilization and the returns from providing Castor Standard to this group shows that the risks are quite high, and earnings from this plan are not sufficient to cover them (University of Phoenix, 2011). This plan is not the best choice of plan for E-Editors because one could mitigate risks by providing a different plan or by not insuring the group (University of Phoenix, 2011). Risk adverse customers buy health insurance to avoid losing income or wealth when indisposed (University of Phoenix, 2011). The insurance company in this case Castor Collins bears the risk in return for the premium and takes care of enrollees’ medical expenses (in part or full) when indisposed (University of Phoenix, 2011). The premium that Castor Collins receives is a source of revenue (University of Phoenix, 2011). It is compensation for bearing risk and for bearing expenses such payment to health care providers (University of Phoenix, 2011). If Castor Collins or any other similar company knows that a particular group of enrollees is more susceptible to a particular disorder, its risks for providing coverage for that disorder are higher (University of Phoenix, 2011). Thus, Castor Collins should charge a higher premium for covering that disorder. As in the case of E-Editors, there is a group of people not willing to pay a higher premium to cover greater risks (University of Phoenix, 2011). Therefore, Castor Collins would not provide coverage for greater risks (University of Phoenix, 2011). Castor Collins must weigh various considerations concerning the premium that enrollees pay. For example, these considerations are the risks of providing a particular plan or service, the expected utilization and hence, the costs of providing various services in the plan and the premium Castor Collins needs to charge to maintain profitability (University of Phoenix, 2011). For example, Cigna, like Castor Collins, tries to find health plans that fit the needs of the company by evaluating network strength, offering transparency and guidance, offering integrated products and services, and tailoring solutions to the size of the business (The Cigna Advantage, 2011b). Cigna recognizes that companies come in all sizes and face unique challenges and tailors solutions for businesses. Furthermore, Cigna solutions combine effective cost management, health advocacy and award-winning customer service by lowering health care costs, offering easy-to-use plans, improving health and productivity, and enjoying flexibility and choice (The Cigna Advantage, 2011a). Cigna believes in healthy, engaged employees and a healthy bottom line (The Cigna Advantage, 2011c). Improving health is the only sustainable way to lower costs. Cigna can help an organization achieve better overall health – and a healthier bottom line, through (The Cigna Advantage, 2011c): * Exceptional customer experience and engagement * Health and well-being solutions driven by integrated technologies and delivered by caring experts and coaches * Cost management that looks beyond networked discounts and into the future of consistent, high quality, affordable care Caster Collins provides health insurance and health care services throughout the state using an HMO model with capitation to pay its network of health providers (University of Phoenix, 2011). Caster Collins currently has 100,000 enrollees throughout the state and hopes to increase the number. Recently E-Editor approached Castor with a need for a health insurance product without preexisting conditions. E-Editor is willing to pay a maximum annual premium of $4,500 per person. Caster has two products that may fit the bill of which the customized Castor Enhanced Minor with modifications is the best fit for E-Editors.

What Are The Benefits Of Hydropower Environmental Sciences Essay

Hydropower, hydraulic power or H2O power is power that is derived from the force or energy of traveling H2O, which may be harnessed for utile intents. Prior to the widespread handiness of commercial electric power, hydropower was used for irrigation, and operation of assorted machines, such aswatermills, fabric machines, sawmills, dock Cranes, and domestic lifts. Another method used a trompe, which produces compressed air from falling H2O, which could so be used to power other machinery at a distance from the H2O.History:Early utilizations of H2O power day of the month back to Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt, where irrigation has been used since the 6th millenium BC and H2O redstem storksbills had been used since the early 2nd millenium BC. Other early illustrations of H2O power include the Qanat system in ancient Persia and the Turpan H2O system in ancient China.Waterwheels and Millss:Hydropower has been used for 100s of old ages. In India, H2O wheels and watermills were built ; in Imperial Rome, H2O powered Millss produced flour from grain, and were besides used for sawing lumber and rock ; in China, watermills were widely used since the Han Dynasty. The power of a moving ridge of H2O released from a armored combat vehicle was used for extraction of metal ores in a method known as hiss. Hushing was widely used in Britain in the Medieval and s ubsequently periods to pull out lead and tin ores. It subsequently evolved into hydraulic excavation when used during theCalifornia gold haste. In China and the remainder of the Far East, hydraulicly operated â€Å" pot wheel † pumps raised H2O into irrigation canals. In the 1830s, at the extremum of the canal-building epoch, hydropower was used to transport flatboat traffic up and down steep hills utilizing inclined plane railwaies. Direct mechanical power transmittal required that industries utilizing hydropower had to turn up near the waterfall. For illustration, during the last half of the nineteenth century, many grist Millss were built at Saint Anthony Falls, using the 50-foot ( 15 m ) bead in the Mississippi River. The Millss contributed to the growing of Minneapolis.Hydraulic power pipes:Hydraulic power webs besides existed, utilizing pipes transporting pressurized liquid to convey mechanical power from a power beginning, such as a pump, to stop users. These were extended inVictorian metropoliss in the United Kingdom. A hydraulic power web was besides in usage in Geneva, Switzerland. The universe celebrated Je t d'Eau was originally merely the over force per unit area valve of this web.Natural manifestations:In hydrology, hydropower is manifested in the force of the H2O on the river bottom and Bankss of a river. It is peculiarly powerful when the river is in inundation. The force of the H2O consequences in the remotion of deposit and other stuffs from the river bottom and Bankss of the river, doing eroding and other changes.Modern use:There are several signifiers of H2O power presently in usage or development. Some are strictly mechanical but many chiefly generate electricity. Broad classs include: Waterwheels, used for 100s of old ages to power Millss and machinery Hydroelectricity, normally mentioning to hydroelectric dikes, or run-of-the-river apparatuss ( e.g. hydroelectric-powered watermills ) Damless hydro, which captures the kinetic energy in rivers, watercourses and oceans Vortex power, which creates whirls which can so be tapped for energy Tidal power, which captures energy from the tides in horizontal way Tidal watercourse power, which does the same vertically Wave power, which uses the energy in moving ridges Osmotic power, which channels river H2O into a container separated from sea H2O by a semipermeable membrane. Marine current power which captures the kinetic energy from marine currents. Ocean thermic energy transition which exploits the temperature difference between deep and shallow Waterss. Hydroelectric power now supplies about 715,000 megawatts or 19 % of universe electricity [ 2 ] . Large dikes are still being designed. The universe ‘s largest is the Three Gorges Dam on the 3rd longest river in the universe, the Yangtze River. Apart from a few states with an copiousness of hydro power, this energy beginning is usually applied to top out load demand, because it is readily stopped and started. It besides provides a high-capacity, low-priced agencies of energy storage, known as â€Å" wired storage † . Hydropower produces basically no C dioxide or other harmful emanations, in contrast to firing fossil fuels, and is non a important subscriber to planetary heating through CO2. Hydroelectric power can be far less expensive than electricity generated from fossil fuels or atomic energy. Areas with abundant hydroelectric power attract industry. Environmental concerns about the effects of reservoirs may forbid development of economic hydropower beginnings. The main advantage of hydroelectric dikes is their ability to manage seasonal ( every bit good as day-to-day ) high extremum tonss. When the electricity demands bead, the dike merely shops more H2O ( which provides more flow when it releases ) . Some electricity generators use H2O dikes to hive away extra energy ( frequently during the dark ) , by utilizing the electricity to pump H2O up into a basin. Electricity can be generated when demand additions. In pattern the use of stored H2O in river dike is sometimes complicated by demands for irrigation which may happen out of stage with peak electrical demands. Not all hydroelectric power requires a dike ; a run-of-river undertaking merely uses portion of the watercourse flow and is a characteristic of little hydropower undertakings. A developing engineering illustration is the Gorlov coiling turbine.Tidal power:Chief article: Tidal powerHarnessing the tides in a bay or estuary has been achieved in France ( since 1966 ) , Canada and Russia, and could be achieved in other countries with a big tidal scope. The at bay H2O turns turbines as it is released through the tidal bombardment in either way. A possible mistake is that the system would bring forth electricity most expeditiously in explosions every six hours ( one time every tide ) . This limits the applications of tidal energy ; tidal power is extremely predictable but non able to follow altering electrical demand.Tidal watercourse power:Chief article: Tidal powerA comparatively new engineering, tidal watercourse generators draw energy from currents in much the same manner that air curre nt generators do. The higher denseness of H2O agencies that a individual generator can supply important power. This engineering is at the early phases of development and will necessitate more research before it becomes a important subscriber. Several paradigms have shown promise.Wave power:Chief article: Wave powerHarnessing power from ocean surface wave gesture might give much more energy than tides. The feasibleness of this has been investigated, peculiarly in Scotland in the UK. Generatorseither coupled to drifting devices or turned by air displaced by moving ridges in a hollow concrete construction would bring forth electricity. For states with big coastlines and unsmooth sea conditions, the energy of moving ridges offers the possibility of bring forthing electricity in public-service corporation volumes.Small graduated table hydro power:Small graduated table hydro or micro-hydro power has been progressively used as renewable energy beginning, particularly in distant countries w here other power beginnings are non feasible. Small graduated table hydro power systems can be installed in little rivers or watercourses with small or no discernable environmental consequence on things such as fish migration. Most little graduated table hydro power systems make no usage of a dike or major H2O recreation, but instead use H2O wheels. Many countries of the North Eastern United States have locations along watercourses where H2O wheel goaded Millss one time stood. Sites such as these can be renovated and used to bring forth electricity. Besides, little graduated table hydro power workss can be combined with other energy beginnings as a addendum. For illustration a little graduated table hydro works could be used along with a system of solar panels attached to a battery bank. While the solar panels may make more power during the twenty-four hours, when the bulk of power is used, the hydro works will make a smaller, changeless flow of power, non dependent on the sunshine. There are some considerations in a micro-hydro system installing. The sum of H2O flow available on a consistent footing, since deficiency of rain can impact works operation. Head, or the sum of bead between the consumption and the issue. The more caput, the more power that can be generated. There can be legal and regulative issues, since most states, metropoliss, and provinces have ordinances about H2O rights and easements. Over the last few old ages, the US Government has increased support for alternate power coevals. Many resources such as grants, loans, and revenue enhancement benefits are available for little scale hydro systems. In hapless countries, many remote communities have no electricity. Micro hydro power, with a capacity of 100 kilowatts or less, allows communities to bring forth electricity. [ 2 ] This signifier of power is supported by assorted organisations such as the UK ‘s Practical Action. [ 3 ] Micro-hydro power can be used straight as â€Å" shaft power † for many industrial applications. Alternatively, the preferable option for domestic energy supply is to bring forth electricity with a generator or a reversed electric motor which, while less efficient, is likely to be available locally and cheaply.Resources in the United States:There is a common misconception that economically developed states have harnessed all of their available hydropower resources. In the United States, harmonizing to the US Department of Energy, â€Å" old appraisals have focused on possible undertakings holding a capacity of 1 MW and above † . This may partially explicate the disagreement. More late, in 2004, an extended study was conducted by the US-DOE which counted beginnings under 1 MW ( average one-year norm ) , and found that merely 40 % of the entire hydropower potency had been developed. A sum of 170 GW ( average one-year norm ) remains available for development. Of this, 34 % is within the operating envelope of conventional turbines, 50 % is within the operating envelope of microhydrotechnologies ( defined as less than 100 kilowatt ) , and 16 % is within the operating envelope of unconventional systems. [ 4 ] In 2005, the US generated 1012 kilowatt hours of electricity. The entire undeveloped hydropower resource is tantamount to about tierce of entire US electricity coevals in 2005. Developed hydropower accounted for 6.4 % of entire US electricity generated in 2005.

The Executioners Song essays

The Executioner's Song essays Anger is a very powerful emotion. Anger generates hostility and a loss of control. It can tear into a persons heart and ruin them. We see this in Norman Mailers book The Executioners Song. The main character, Gary Gilmore, demonstrates so much anger that his blind rage leads to murder. There are many sources of anger that lead Gary to commit the violent murders that he has. We see that Gary has a lot of pent up anger in him. This is shown in a number of instances. When Gary Gilmore was first put in jail he was 22 years old. As we hear through his depiction of prison life he spent a lot of time in solitary confinement and enjoyed telling people of his hard-core criminal ways. He stabbed a man 57 times for no reason at all. While in jail, Gary is placed in solitary confinement for four years of his sentence because he is unable to have normal relations with other convicts. This is not the behavior that a normal person exhibits. Gary also seems to be uncontrollable. He is proud of the fact that he had stolen. By the time he was 14, Gilmore said, hed broken into 50 houses. Maybe more. (354) Gilmore also states that he stole from stores, such as J.C. Penneys. He boasts about this to his cellmate Gibbs. He also picked fights frequently and fought very unfairly. In a rage Gary attacked Pete for making an accusation about Gary trying to get into a young girls pants. Pete was slammed on the neck from behind, by Gary. (124) Vern, Garys uncle who witnessed the fight, then questioned Garys manhood and integrity. Another uncontrollable urge that Gary had was the desire to rape females. He tried to convince Rikki, a friend of his, to partake in this action. Besides not being able to control his sexual desires he was also abusive towards women when he became the slightest bit upset. Gary finally wedged her [Nicole] ...

A Comparison of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Abortion

A Comparison of the Advantages and Disadvantages of Abortion Abstract The topic of abortion has been a controversial subject for many years. The people for or against it have split into two groups, pro- life and pro-choice. The main topic of discussion about this is when does life begin and when is it appropriate for abortion to be done, if it is appropriate or okay at any time at all. There has been many facts and reasons for why or why not abortion should be done. These will be found in the following paper. Keywords: pro life, pro choice, abortion. Pro Life vs Pro Choice: When does life begin? The debate over whether or not abortion should be a legal option continues to divide many Americans, even after the US Supreme Court’s ruling declaring that abortion is a fundamental right† for women nationwide. People that agree with this, referred to as pro-choice, believe that abortion is a right that should not be limited by the government or any religious authority. They also say that pregnant women with unwanted pregnancies will succumb to unsafe illegal abortions if there is no legal option available to them (Should Abortion, 2013). People against this identifying themselves as pro-life, saying that ‘personhood’ begins at conception, thus meaning abortion is the immoral killing of an innocent human being. It is also said by â€Å"pro-lifers† that abortion inflicts suffering on the unborn child, and also that it isn’t fair to allow abortion when couples who cannot biologically conceive are waiting to adopt (Head, 2013). It has been said in many articles that abortion is wrong, and all of them give ideally the same reasons as said before. One article in particular however shows the change of a person from pro-choice, to pro-life. It tells the story of a pro-choice medical student that after his experience of witnessing an abortion quickly changed his opinion on the matter. Terzo’s witness of the abortion was following (2013): When I entered the operating room, it felt like any other I had ever been in. On the table in front of me, I saw a woman, legs up as if delivering a child although she was asleep. Next to her was a tray of instruments for the abortion and a vacuum machine for suctioning the fetal tissues from the uterus. The doctors put on their gowns and masks and the procedure began. The cervix was held open with a crude metal instrument and a large transparent tube was stuck inside of the woman. Within a matter of seconds, the machine’s motor was engaged and blood, tissue, and tiny organs were pulled out of their environment into a filter. A minute later, the vacuum choked to a halt. The tube was removed, and stuck to the end was a small body and a head attached haphazardly to it, what was formed of the neck snapped. The ribs had formed with a thin skin covering them, the eyes had formed, and the inner organs had begun to function. The tiny heart of the fetus, obviously a little boy, had ju st stopped — forever. The vacuum filter was opened, and the tiny arms and legs that had been torn off of the fetus were accounted for. The fingers and toes had the beginnings of their nails on them. The doctors, proud of their work, reassembled the body to show me. Tears welled up in my eyes as they removed the baby boy from the table and shoved his body into a container for disposal. He goes on saying that most people who are pro-choice as he was before, are only pro choice because they do not know what is happening in that operating room, and if they did they would most certainly become pro-life, if not in it’s entirety, then simply in the abortion aspect of it. There is another article that give insight into the argument of â€Å"when does life really begin?† It was said that even pro choice philosophers agree that life begins at fertilization. According to Wilcox (2013), â€Å"They grow through cellular reproduction and division, they metabolize food for energy, and they respond to stimuli. In fact, the only thing the unborn need to survive are adequate nutrition, a proper environment, and an absence of fatal threats. That’s all any of us need. There is no point in human development at which the developing entity goes from non-life to living†. The artcle continues to state that since life does begin at fertilization that abortion is the immoral killing of human beings and should not be legal. My reaction to this simply, why does it affect them? Whether it is their moral belief, philosophical belief, or scientific belief, the actions of others outside their immediate group or family will most likely not affect them. To me it almost as if they are trying to push their moral belief on someone and persuade everyone to believe what they believe, this cannot always happen. Who gives someone the right to tell someone whether or not they can legally decide to bring a life into the world, the government? Why is the government revisiting an issue that was seemingly resolved before in another case? Is this an attempt to even further control the population? I am asking these questions because it is literally impossible to have everyone be happy, even in a compromise, both parties is not totally getting what they wanted. So, in my opinion, I think that the lawfulness of abortion should be left alone. It has been working fine, and although everyone is not happy, it is too controversial of a subject that should not be touched again.

Is the Media in the UK Sexist and Racist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Is the Media in the UK Sexist and Racist - Essay Example The X rating imposed by the BBFC was as a result of explicit sexual and violent content, according to Stuart McDougal (2003: 3) in his book, Stanley Kubrick’s A Clockwork Orange. Today, the censorship that resulted in an X rating for A Clockwork Orange, and prevented the film from being made available to the British public country-wide, is noticeably absent in the British media; as is the moral judgment and assertion of political interest that once prevailed in the UK’s media. The discernable sexism and racism that once defined the UK’s media were by design, according to David Buckingham, in a journal article published in the Journal of Communication (1998: 33). In his journal essay, Buckingham describes, â€Å". . . the history of media education in the UK, tracing its evolution Leavisite (Leavis and Twerepson 1933) origins, through the advent of cultural studies to the more explicitly political approaches developed in the 1970s. These approaches reflect a gradual democratization of the curriculum, as well as a form of cultural or political protectionism (1998: 33).† There has been, writes Buckingham, a noticeable and discernable move away from the aforementioned protectionism, resulting in a more open, less sexist, less racially discriminatory British media (1998: 33). The teaching of media in the UK, utilizing the Leavis and Thompson (1933) methods, was, according to Buckingham, focused on â€Å". . . salvation of the (British) culture – preserving the literary heritage, language, values, and health of the nation it was seen to embody and represent (1998: 34).† In their book, British Cultural Identities, authors Peter Childs and Mike Storry write, â€Å"The British are famed for both their prurience and their sexual reserve, a stereotype which, though exploited with many British cultural forms (Merchant/Ivory â€Å"heritage† cinema, for example), probably derives less from contemporary cultural attitudes than from England’s former role in the global imposition of repressive middle-class norms and values (2002: 128)†.